Learning objectives Overview of the fundamentals, measurement and switching techniques of oscillators and frequency synthesisers
 Content

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| Ray propagation model; wave propagation model (film waveguides, strip waveguides cylindrical waveguides); attenuation; fabrication |
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| Basics; crystal structure; band diagrams; compound semiconductors, absorption |
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| Light emitting diodes, semiconductor lasers (Fabry-Perot, VCSELs, DFB, DBR); driving circuits |
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| Photodiodes (PN, PIN, MSM, APD); receiver circuits; noise; sensitivity, BER |
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| Optical transmission systems |
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| System architectures; limits of optical data transmission systems; time division multiplexing systems, wavelength division multiplexing systems, LANs, optical data networks in automobiles |
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